bronchial epithelial cell line calu  (ATCC)

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Serum valeric acid stimulates lung epithelial cilia assembly and improves prognosis in patients with severe respiratory infections

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1761517

Figure Lengend Snippet: Valeric acid reduces IL-17 inflammation and upregulates cilia-related pathways. (A) Volcano plot of DEGs (log2 fold change ≥1, -log(P) ≥ 1) in K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS or valeric acid. Red and blue dots represent significantly upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. (B) Top 10 enriched terms of the genes by Gene Ontology biological processes (GO-BP). (C) GSEA of DEGs in K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS or valeric acid. (D) Representative IL-17A staining images and scoring of lung tissues. (E) Representative SEM images of Calu-3 cells cultured at ALI after treatment and the quantification of cilium length. Ctrl, uninfected control; KP + PBS, K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS; KP + VA, K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with valeric acid. n = 5 mice per group. ns, not significant; **** p < 0.0001 compared using unpaired Student’s t - test (D) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (E) .

Article Snippet: The human bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-3 cells (ATCC, HTB-55) were cultured in MEM medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco), 1% (v/v) L-glutamine (Gibco), and 1% (v/v) nonessential amino acids (Gibco).

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Serum valeric acid stimulates lung epithelial cilia assembly and improves prognosis in patients with severe respiratory infections

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1761517

Figure Lengend Snippet: Valeric acid upregulates cilia assembly-related genes. (A) TFs-gene regulatory network of DEGs in K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS or valeric acid. Orange diamonds denote predicted key TFs; blue circles denote putative target genes; edges indicate predicted regulatory relationships. (B) mRNA expression levels of cilia-associated TFs in K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS or valeric acid. (C) Representative IF staining images of Calu-3 cells cultured at ALI after treatment. Nuclei are labeled with Hoechst (blue), and ciliary markers include FOXJ1 (red) and acetylated α-tubulin (green). Ac-Tub, acetylated α-tubulin. (B) 3 independent replicates with 5 mice per group in each replicate. (C) 3 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 compared using Mann-Whitney test (B) .

Article Snippet: The human bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-3 cells (ATCC, HTB-55) were cultured in MEM medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco), 1% (v/v) L-glutamine (Gibco), and 1% (v/v) nonessential amino acids (Gibco).

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Staining, Cell Culture, Labeling, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Serum valeric acid stimulates lung epithelial cilia assembly and improves prognosis in patients with severe respiratory infections

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1761517

Figure Lengend Snippet: Valeric acid inhibits HDAC activities upstream of Wnt pathway. (A) mRNA expression levels of Wnt signaling pathway-related genes in K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS or valeric acid. (B–D) mRNA expression levels of Calu-3 cells cultured at ALI treated with valeric acid, HDAC inhibitors, or the Wnt inhibitor (Wnt-C59). (E) Overview schematic of the study (created by Biorender.com ). KP + PBS, K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PBS; KP + VA, K. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with valeric acid; VA, valeric acid; iHADC1, HDAC1 inhibitor; iHDAC2, HDAC2 inhibitor; iHDAC3, HDAC3 inhibitor. (A) 3 independent replicates with 5 mice per group in each replicate. (B–D) n = 3, 3 independent experiments. ns, not significant; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 compared using Mann-Whitney test (A) and Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (B–D) .

Article Snippet: The human bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-3 cells (ATCC, HTB-55) were cultured in MEM medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco), 1% (v/v) L-glutamine (Gibco), and 1% (v/v) nonessential amino acids (Gibco).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Cell Culture, MANN-WHITNEY